ABSTRACT
Newcastle disease is highly infectious viral disease causing huge economic losses worldwide. These losses can be prevented by control of viral diseases. Medicinal plants have been traditionally used for treatment of different diseases since long. In this study the effect of extracts from Glycyrrhiza glabra leaves are investigated against Newcastle disease virus [NDV] by an in-vivo assay. Seven groups of nine-day-old embryonated chicken eggs were inoculated with various treatments of different plant extracts. All the groups except uninoculated negative control group were inoculated with velogenic NDV strain; five groups received different concentrations of the three extracts. Daily observe the rate of embryo survival. Allantoic fluid from treated eggs was collected for hem agglutination test. Results showed that embryo survival rate was higher 300micro g/mL treated group as all the extracts showed antiviral activity. Similarly, the plant extracts effectively control virus as no viruses were identified in the allantoic fluids of all groups treated with low doses of plant. The current results have clearly verified that all the extracts especially that of methanol 300micro g/mL from leaves of Glycyrrhiza glabra have strong antiviral activity against NDV in vivo
ABSTRACT
The objective of study was to find out major correlates of neonatal mortality. The main focus was in determining the impact of different demographic and health related characteristics of neonates and their mothers. A planned questionnaire was prepared in order to collect the information from mothers of newborns. The data were collected from different public and private hospitals of Faisalabad district. Discharge condition of neonate [dead or alive] was taken as response. Binary logistic regression was applied in order to unveil the impact of different contributory factors on the chances of neonatal mortality. Marriage age of mother, age of mother at baby birth, number of pregnancies, time since last birth, antenatal care, delivery mode, gender of baby, baby weight, baby disease and its nature, domestic violence, baby nutrition and residence were found to be significant factors affecting neonatal mortality. Odds ratio was used as a measure of association. From the results, it can be summed up that marriages at optimal ages, lesser frequency of pregnancies, early initiation of mother feeding, increased care during pregnancy to avoid low birth weight and birth time diseases, and increased facilities of antenatal care in rural areas can effectively reduce the neonatal mortality rates
ABSTRACT
Salivary duct carcinoma is a rare tumor, commonly involving parotid gland. It typically affects middle aged to elderly males. The tumor has an aggressive behaviour and is notorious for early metastasis, high rate of local recurrence, and high mortality. Treatment is mainly surgical but other modalities are also used. We are reporting 2 cases in females who had different presentation, course of disease, treatment, and prognosis
ABSTRACT
Phenolics are pharmaceutically important molecules. Tyrosine and tryptophan are precursors of phenolic metabolism. It was aimed to investigate the potential of exogenously introduced precursors on the phenolic contents in Trachyspermum ammi [L.] Sprague seedlings. The seeds of two local varieties [Chakwal and Desi] were grown in completely randomized design in a growth chamber at 19 +/- 2[degree]C with two amino acids [tyrosine and tryptophan] applied [priming and supplementation in rooting medium] at two treatment levels [0, and 1%]. Ten days old seedlings were harvested and subjected for growth [root and shoot length, fresh weight and dry weight] and phenolic estimation was done by HPLC method. Presence of seven phenolic acids including quercitin, chromatotropic acid, gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, sinnapic acid, trans 4 hydroxy 3 methoxy cinamic acid and P-courmeric acid was confirmed in both varieties with dissimilar fraction. Poor growth was observed by "Desi" under controlled conditions that were efficiently enhanced by tyrosine and tryptophan treatments. As precursors both amino acids differed for allosteric regulation of the pathway. That varied from application to application and variety to variety too for a pattern of phenolic accumulation. In conclusion, tyrosine and tryptophan application can be useful for farmers for improved growth of T. ammi and for pharmaceutical scientists to modulate metabolites of interest
ABSTRACT
Amoebiasisis an infectious disease, which originated with the single-celled parasitic protozoan Entamoeba histolytica. The parasitic amoeba infects the liver and intestine and may cause mild diarrhea and serious dysentery with bloody and mucoid stool. A study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of Amoebex [400mg], a herbal formulation for the treatment of amoebiasis infections as compared to that of Metronidazole [400mg]. The therapeutic evaluations of these medicines were carried out on 184 clinically diagnosed cases of the amoebiasis infection. Sample sizes of Ameobex for this study included a total of 93 patients and for Metronidazole a total of 91 were registered and treated. Comparison of the data recorded for the participants relating to sign and symptoms variables showed significant differences of efficacy between test and control groups [p<0.0357] and no side effects were at all recorded in test group. According to observation, there was a difference in the overall clinical success of both treatment groups, however, the efficacy of the test treated medication [Amoebex] was superior to that of Metronidazole as [p<0.03], and on the basis of the statistical analysis done by the chi square test, the null hypothesis was rejected. `It is clearly evident that Amoebex possesses therapeutic value for the treatment of amoebiasis associated symptoms but also the eradication rate of amoebiasis is superior by Amoebex as compared to that of Metronidazole [Control drug]
ABSTRACT
Medicinal plants are rich in secondary metabolites [alkaloids, glycosides, coumarins, flavonides, steroids, etc.] and considered to be more effective and a safer alternative source to manage a variety of diseases related to liver, heart and kidney disordered. This study determines in vitro antioxidant and in vivo toxicological profile including hemolytic, brine shrimp lethality and mutagenicity of aerial parts of Artemisia absinthium. DNA protection assay was performed on pUC19 plasmid vector using H2O2 as oxidative agent. Total phenolic and flavonoid content were determined using colorimetric methods. Toxicity of the plant was evaluated by brine shrimp lethality, hemolytic and mutagenic activity. DNA protection assay of the plant showed concentration dependent protective effect and at concentration 10microL/mL revealed complete protective effect against H2O2 induced DNA damage. Highest phenolic and flavonoid content was found to be 167.3 [mg GAE 100g DW-1] and 14 [mg CE 100g DW-1] respectively. Results showed that A. absinthium is potent against standard toxicological procedures, that indicates the presence of bioactive components in the plant and possess antioxidant activity that protects DNA against H2O2 induced oxidative damage. Thus the results showed/support that A. absinthium provides significant health benefits
Subject(s)
Oxidative Stress , Cytotoxins , Antioxidants , In Vitro Techniques , DNA , Plant Extracts , Plants, MedicinalABSTRACT
The objective of present study was to evaluate the antiurease and anti-oxidant activity of Vaccinium macrocarpon fruit. The parent extract was ethanolic extract while its sub fractions were prepared in n-hexane, chloroform and n-butanol. The method based on scavenging activity and reduction capability of 1, 1-diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazyl radical [DPPH]. N-butanol fraction was the most effective antioxidant with 87.0 +/- 1.15 activity but the activity was less than ascorbic acid i.e. 93.74 +/- 0.12. Highly significant urease inhibition was shown by crude ethanolic extract [71.00 +/- 0.2a] with IC[50] [392.66 +/- 2.1] followed by aqueous fraction [68.00 +/- 0.5e] with IC[50] [159.83 +/- 2.8]. The results of crude ethanolic extract and aqueous extracts were highly significant [p<0.05] than standard Thiourea. Present study showed that Vaccinium macrocarpon exhibits potent antiurease and antioxidant activities
ABSTRACT
Traditional herbal healers "Hakims" use various plants of the Cholistan desert, Pakistan for treating a number of infectious and non-infectious diseases. However, there has never been a scientific validation of these plant-based therapeutics. We compared the antipyretic effect of Echinops echinatus, Alhagi maurorum, Fagonia cretica, Cymbopogon jwarancusa and Panicum turgidum in animal model. These plants were used to reduce E.coli lysate induced pyrexia in rabbits. There were five groups of rabbits having five rabbits in each group. Among these five groups, three received various doses of experimental treatment, paracetamol was given to fourth group known as positive control. The fifth group of animals served as negative control and received no treatment. Ethanol extracts of Fagonia cretica [500mg/kg], Panicum turgidum [500mg/kg and 750mg/kg], Alhagi maurorum [500 and 750mg/kg], Cymbopogon jwarancusa [250mg/kg] and Echinops echinatus [750mg/kg] showed significant antipyretic effects when compared with controls and experimental counterparts. These results revealed that ethanol extracts of the plants evaluated in this study have dose dependent antipyretic activity. Further detailed screening of these plant species is recommended
Subject(s)
Animals , Antipyretics , Rabbits , Plant Extracts , Escherichia coliABSTRACT
An ear infection [acute otitis media] is most often a bacterial or viral infection that affects the middle ear. Children as compared to adults are more are prone to infections. A study has been conducted on 200 patients with herbal medicine Herbotic and allopathic drug Ofloxacin for the treatment of otitis media. The efficacy of test and control drug was monitored before and after treatment and diagnosed on clinical history, clinical presentation and pathological investigation. This study was a case control, multicenter, prospective randomized authentic allopathic controlled, two arm parallel group clinical trial The data on clinical proforma was gathered between April 2014-March 2015 and subjected to statistical analysis. From the statistical results it was concluded that Herbotic and Ofloxacin are equally effective for the treatment of earache, effect being confirmed by physicians and patients alike
ABSTRACT
Pyrexia and inflammation are indicatives of various disorders. Modern medicines are available for treatment of pyrexia, but they have few side effects. Several studies are ongoing Worldwide to search natural antipyretic agents with better efficacy and fewer or no side effects. This study was aimed at evaluating the antipyretic activity of Moringa oleifera bark in rabbits against E. coli induced pyrexia. Rectal temperature was recorded with digital thermometer at 0 h and E.coli suspension was injected. After 1 h again rectal temperature of the animals was recorded and hydro-alcoholic extract were administered to the treatment groups and paracetamol hydro-alcoholic 50 mg/kg orally to the positive control group. Then rectal temperature was recorded at the interval of one h for 4 h. After the drug administration [at h 1], the decrease in body temperature with the dose of 25mg/kg[-1] during next four h ranged between 1.9-2.6 [degree sign]F as compared to the negative control. At the dose of 50mg/kg[-1] the decrease in temperature was 1.9-3.0 [degree sign]F. The decrease in body temperature at the dose of 100mg/kg[-1] was high, which ranged from 2.3-3.1oF as compared to negative control. Paracetamol, a standard drug, also significantly lowered the temperature but Moringa oleifera at the concentration of 100mg/kg[-1] lowered the body temperature significantly as compared to the negative as well as positive control. Moringa oleifera bark has marked antipyretic activity in animal models and this strongly supports the ethnopharmacological uses of Moringa oleifera bark as an antipyretic plant